World Countries
Languages by Countries
| Afghanistan |
Pashtu, Dari Persian, other Turkic and minor languages |
| Albania |
Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek |
| Algeria |
Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects |
| Andorra |
Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese |
| Angola |
Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
English (official), local dialects |
| Argentina |
Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French |
| Armenia |
Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2% |
| Australia |
English, native languages |
| Austria |
German 98% (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region) |
| Azerbaijan |
Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) |
| Bahamas |
English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants) |
| Bahrain |
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu |
| Bangladesh |
Bangla (official), English |
| Barbados |
English |
| Belarus |
Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other |
| Belgium |
Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official); legally bilingual (Dutch and French) |
| Belize |
English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole |
| Benin |
French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages |
| Bhutan |
Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese) |
| Bolivia |
Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian (all official) |
| Botswana |
English (official), Setswana |
| Brazil |
Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French |
| Brunei Darussalam |
Malay (official), English, Chinese |
| Bulgaria |
Bulgarian; secondary languages strongly correspond to ethnic breakdown |
| Burkina Faso |
French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90% |
| Burundi |
Kirundi and French (official), Swahili |
| Cambodia |
Khmer (official), French, English |
| Cameroon |
French, English (both official); 24 major African language groups |
| Canada |
English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5% |
| Cape Verde |
Portuguese, Criuolo |
| Central African Republic |
French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languages |
| Chad |
French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialects |
| Chile |
Spanish |
| China |
Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages |
| Colombia |
Spanish |
| Comoros |
Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend) |
| Congo, Republic of |
French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialects |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba |
| Costa Rica |
Spanish (official), English |
| Cote d'Ivoire |
French (official) and African languages (Diaula esp.) |
| Croatia |
Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German) |
| Cuba |
Spanish |
| Cyprus |
Greek, Turkish (both official); English |
| Czech Republic |
Czech |
| Denmark |
Danish, Faeroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language |
| Djibouti |
French and Arabic (both official), Somali, Afar |
| Dominica |
English (official) and French patois |
| Dominican Republic |
Spanish |
| East Timor |
Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak |
| Ecuador |
Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages |
| Egypt |
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes |
| El Salvador |
Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) |
| Equatorial Guinea |
Spanish, French (both official); pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo |
| Eritrea |
Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages |
| Estonia |
Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, Finnish, other |
| Ethiopia |
Amharic (official), Tigrigna, Orominga, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, English, over 70 others |
| Fiji |
English (official), Fijian, Hindustani |
| Finland |
Finnish 93.4%, Swedish 5.9% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minorities |
| France |
French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) |
| Gabon |
French (official), Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi |
| Gambia, The |
English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous |
| Georgia |
Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azerbaijani 6%, other 7% (Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia) |
| Germany |
German |
| Ghana |
English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) |
| Greece |
Greek 99% (official), English, French |
| Grenada |
English (official), French patois |
| Guatemala |
Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) |
| Guinea |
French (official), native tongues (Malinke, Susu, Fulani) |
| Guinea-Bissau |
Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languages |
| Guyana |
English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu |
| Haiti |
Creole and French (both official) |
| Honduras |
Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects; English widely spoken in business |
| Hungary |
Magyar (Hungarian), 98.2%; other, 1.8% |
| Iceland |
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken |
| India |
Hindi (official), English (official), Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all recognized by the constitution). Dialects, 1,600+ |
| Indonesia |
Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other languages and dialects |
| Iran |
Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2% |
| Iraq |
Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian |
| Ireland |
English, Irish (Gaelic) |
| Israel |
Hebrew (official), Arabic, English |
| Italy |
Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minorities |
| Jamaica |
English, Jamaican Creole |
| Japan |
Japanese |
| Jordan |
Arabic (official), English |
| Kazakhstan |
Kazak (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%; Russian (official, used in everyday business) 95% (2001 est.) |
| Kenya |
English (official), Swahili (national), and several other languages spoken by 25 ethnic groups |
| Kiribati |
English (official), I-Kiribati (Gilbertese) |
| Korea, North |
Korean |
| Korea, South |
Korean, English widely taught |
| Kuwait |
Arabic (official), English |
| Kyrgyzstan |
Kyrgyz, Russian (both official) |
| Laos |
Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages |
| Latvia |
Latvian (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other |
| Lebanon |
Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian |
| Lesotho |
English, Sesotho (both official); Zulu, Xhosa |
| Liberia |
English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic-group languages |
| Libya |
Arabic, Italian and English widely understood in major cities |
| Liechtenstein |
German (official), Alemannic dialect |
| Lithuania |
Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian |
| Luxembourg |
Luxermbourgish (national) French, German (both administrative) |
| Macedonia |
Macedonian 68%, Albanian 25% (both official); Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 2%, other 2% |
| Madagascar |
Malagasy and French (both official) |
| Malawi |
English and Chichewa (both official), others important regionally |
| Malaysia |
Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia |
| Maldives |
Maldivian Dhivehi (official); English spoken by most government officials |
| Mali |
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages |
| Malta |
Maltese and English (both official) |
| Marshall Islands |
Marshallese (two major dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family), English (both official); Japanese |
| Mauritania |
Hassaniya Arabic, Wolof (both official); Pulaar, Soninke, French |
| Mauritius |
English, French (both official); Creole, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori |
| Mexico |
Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages |
| Micronesia |
English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi |
| Moldova |
Moldovan (official; virtually the same as Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) |
| Monaco |
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
| Mongolia |
Mongolian, 90%; also Turkic and Russian (1999) |
| Morocco |
Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often used for business, government, and diplomacy |
| Mozambique |
Portuguese (official), Bantu languages |
| Myanmar |
Burmese, minority languages |
| Namibia |
English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama |
| Nauru |
Nauruan (official), English |
| Nepal |
Nepali 90% (official), over 40 other languages and major dialects, English (1995) |
| The Netherlands |
Dutch, Frisian (both official) |
| New Zealand |
English, Maori (both official) |
| Nicaragua |
Spanish (official); English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast |
| Niger |
French (official), Hausa, Djerma |
| Nigeria |
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, and more than 200 others |
| Norway |
Bokmal Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities |
| Oman |
Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects |
| Pakistan |
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English, Burushaski, and others 8% |
| Palau |
English (official everywhere); Palau (official in all states but those following); Sonsoralese (official in Sonsoral); Tobi (official in Tobi); Angaur and Japanese (official in Angaur) |
| Palestinian State (proposed) |
Arabic, Hebrew, English |
| Panama |
Spanish (official), English 14%, many bilingual |
| Papua New Guinea |
Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin, the lingua franca), Hiri Motu (in Papua region), English 1?2%; 715 indigenous languages |
| Paraguay |
Spanish, Guarani (both official) |
| Peru |
Spanish, Quechua (both official); Aymara; many minor Amazonian languages |
| The Philippines |
Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense |
| Poland |
Polish |
| Portugal |
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used) |
| Qatar |
Arabic (official); English a common second language |
| Romania |
Romanian (official), Hungarian, German |
| Russia |
Russian, others |
| Rwanda |
Kinyarwanda, French, and English (all official); Kiswahili in commercial centers |
| St. Kitts and Nevis |
English |
| St. Lucia |
English (official), French patois |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines |
English, French patois |
| Samoa |
Samoan, English |
| San Marino |
Italian |
| Sao Tome and Principe |
Portuguese (official) |
| Saudi Arabia |
Arabic |
| Senegal |
French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka |
| Serbia and Montenegro |
Serbian (official) 95%, Albanian 5% |
| Seychelles |
Seselwa Creole, English, French (all official) |
| Sierra Leone |
English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca) |
| Singapore |
Malay (national), Mandarin Chinese, Tamil, English (all official) |
| Slovakia |
Slovak (official), Hungarian |
| Slovenia |
Slovenian 92%, Serbo-Croatian 6.2%, other 1.8% |
| Solomon Islands |
English 1%?2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages |
| Somalia |
Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian |
| South Africa |
Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu (all 11 official) |
| Spain |
Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally) |
| Sri Lanka |
Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10% |
| Sudan |
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English |
| Suriname |
Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese |
| Swaziland |
English, siSwati (both official) |
| Sweden |
Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities |
| Switzerland |
German 63.7%, French 12.9%, Italian 7.6%, Romansch 0.6% (all official); other 8.9% |
| Syria |
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood |
| Taiwan |
Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects |
| Tajikistan |
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business |
| Tanzania |
Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages |
| Thailand |
Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects |
| Togo |
French (official, commerce); Ewe, Mina (south); Kabye, Cotocoli (north); and many dialects |
| Tonga |
Tongan (an Austronesian language), English |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese |
| Tunisia |
Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce) |
| Turkey |
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek |
| Turkmenistan |
Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7% |
| Tuvalu |
Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) |
| Uganda |
English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic |
| Ukraine |
Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian |
| United Arab Emirates |
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu |
| United Kingdom |
English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic |
| United States |
English, sizable Spanish-speaking minority |
| Uruguay |
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero |
| Uzbekistan |
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% |
| Vanuatu |
Bislama (a Melanesian pidgin English), English, French (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages |
| Vatican City (Holy See) |
Italian, Latin, French, various other languages |
| Venezuela |
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects |
| Vietnam |
Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) |
| Western Sahara (proposed state) |
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic |
| Yemen |
Arabic |
| Zambia |
English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages |
| Zimbabwe |
English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects |
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